System Development & Application
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App. Res. of Comp. Printed Article
Vol. 43, 2026 No. 1
208-215

Homomorphic computing hardware accelerator for RNS-CKKS scheme

Chen Xingchen1
Guo Jiayi1
Chen Dihu2
Su Tao1
1. School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2. School of Integrated Circuits, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong 518107, China
DOI: 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.06.0176

Abstract

To address the challenge of the substantial data storage, transmission overhead and low computational efficiency in fully homomorphic encryption applications, this work proposed a hardware accelerator for homomorphic computation based on the mainstream RNS-CKKS scheme. This accelerator featured a divide-and-conquer permutation network for the automorphism operator to achieve efficient data scheduling and dynamic routing. Concurrently, by adopting an on-chip and off-chip collaborative storage strategy and reconstructing the computation flow, the accelerator reduced the on-chip caching requirements for hardware-deployed key-switching operations and effectively hid off-chip memory latency. To further enhance computational efficiency and resource utilization, it constructed a unified processing array and an optimized on-chip cache architecture. Experimental results on FPGA show that compared to the OpenFHE software library, this design achieves speedups of 8.68 to 56.2 times. Furthermore, in the ciphertext-ciphertext homomorphic multiplication operation, the proposed design achieves 1.18 to 1.53 times acceleration and 1.10 to 4.98 times area efficiency improvements over similar hardware acceleration solutions, while also offering certain advantages in configurability. This work contributes to the hardware-efficient deployment of homomorphic encryption schemes.

Foundation Support

广东省科技厅科技计划项目(2022B0701180001)

Publish Information

DOI: 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.06.0176
Publish at: Application Research of Computers Printed Article, Vol. 43, 2026 No. 1
Section: System Development & Application
Pages: 208-215
Serial Number: 1001-3695(2026)01-025-0208-08

Publish History

[2025-09-12] Accepted Paper
[2026-01-05] Printed Article

Cite This Article

陈星辰, 郭家怡, 陈弟虎, 等. 面向RNS-CKKS方案的同态计算硬件加速器 [J]. 计算机应用研究, 2026, 43 (1): 208-215. (Chen Xingchen, Guo Jiayi, Chen Dihu, et al. Homomorphic computing hardware accelerator for RNS-CKKS scheme [J]. Application Research of Computers, 2026, 43 (1): 208-215. )

About the Journal

  • Application Research of Computers Monthly Journal
  • Journal ID ISSN 1001-3695
    CN  51-1196/TP

Application Research of Computers, founded in 1984, is an academic journal of computing technology sponsored by Sichuan Institute of Computer Sciences under the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province.

Aiming at the urgently needed cutting-edge technology in this discipline, Application Research of Computers reflects the mainstream technology, hot technology and the latest development trend of computer application research at home and abroad in a timely manner. The main contents of the journal include high-level academic papers in this discipline, the latest scientific research results and major application results. The contents of the columns involve new theories of computer discipline, basic computer theory, algorithm theory research, algorithm design and analysis, blockchain technology, system software and software engineering technology, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, architecture, advanced computing, parallel processing, database technology, computer network and communication technology, information security technology, computer image graphics and its latest hot application technology.

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