App. Res. of Comp. Accepted Paper
Vol. 43, 2026 No. 7

Three-party authenticated quantum key agreement protocol based on SWAP test

He Yefeng
Zhao Jie
Du Xiaoyu
Chen Jiali
School of Cyberspace Security, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
DOI: 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.10.0454

Abstract

With the rapid development of smart healthcare, medical data is frequently transmitted during online cross-institutional sharing and remote consultations, however, data privacy protection faces numerous security threats during these transmissions. To address this, this paper proposed a three-party authenticated quantum key agreement protocol based on quantum fingerprints and the SWAP test. In this protocol, participants prepared quantum fingerprint states according to their identity sequences and introduced decoy-state particles for eavesdropping detection, thereby ensuring the security of quantum state transmission. By leveraging the SWAP test, the protocol efficiently verified the consistency between the received fingerprints and local pre-stored fingerprints with low quantum resource overhead, completing the identity authentication process. Furthermore, the protocol utilized the properties of Bell states and their non-maximally entangled characteristics to achieve fair negotiation of the communication key. Security analysis demonstrates that the scheme effectively resists external attacks such as Trojan horse and measure-resend attacks, as well as internal collusion attacks. It also maintains high security and practicality while ensuring feasible efficiency.

Foundation Support

国家自然科学基金资助项目(61802302)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JM-462)

Publish Information

DOI: 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.10.0454
Publish at: Application Research of Computers Accepted Paper, Vol. 43, 2026 No. 7

Publish History

[2026-03-23] Accepted Paper

Cite This Article

何业锋, 赵洁, 杜小雨, 等. 基于SWAP测试的三方可认证量子密钥协商协议 [J]. 计算机应用研究, 2026, 43 (7). (2026-03-24). https://doi.org/10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.10.0454. (He Yefeng, Zhao Jie, Du Xiaoyu, et al. Three-party authenticated quantum key agreement protocol based on SWAP test [J]. Application Research of Computers, 2026, 43 (7). (2026-03-24). https://doi.org/10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.10.0454. )

About the Journal

  • Application Research of Computers Monthly Journal
  • Journal ID ISSN 1001-3695
    CN  51-1196/TP

Application Research of Computers, founded in 1984, is an academic journal of computing technology sponsored by Sichuan Institute of Computer Sciences under the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province.

Aiming at the urgently needed cutting-edge technology in this discipline, Application Research of Computers reflects the mainstream technology, hot technology and the latest development trend of computer application research at home and abroad in a timely manner. The main contents of the journal include high-level academic papers in this discipline, the latest scientific research results and major application results. The contents of the columns involve new theories of computer discipline, basic computer theory, algorithm theory research, algorithm design and analysis, blockchain technology, system software and software engineering technology, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, architecture, advanced computing, parallel processing, database technology, computer network and communication technology, information security technology, computer image graphics and its latest hot application technology.

Application Research of Computers has many high-level readers and authors, and its readers are mainly senior and middle-level researchers and engineers engaged in the field of computer science, as well as teachers and students majoring in computer science and related majors in colleges and universities. Over the years, the total citation frequency and Web download rate of Application Research of Computers have been ranked among the top of similar academic journals in this discipline, and the academic papers published are highly popular among the readers for their novelty, academics, foresight, orientation and practicality.

Indexed & Evaluation

  • The Second National Periodical Award 100 Key Journals
  • Double Effect Journal of China Journal Formation
  • the Core Journal of China (Peking University 2023 Edition)
  • the Core Journal for Science
  • Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) Source Journals
  • RCCSE Chinese Core Academic Journals
  • Journal of China Computer Federation
  • 2020-2022 The World Journal Clout Index (WJCI) Report of Scientific and Technological Periodicals
  • Full-text Source Journal of China Science and Technology Periodicals Database
  • Source Journal of China Academic Journals Comprehensive Evaluation Database
  • Source Journals of China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Version), China Journal Network
  • 2017-2019 China Outstanding Academic Journals with International Influence (Natural Science and Engineering Technology)
  • Source Journal of Top Academic Papers (F5000) Program of China's Excellent Science and Technology Journals
  • Source Journal of China Engineering Technology Electronic Information Network and Electronic Technology Literature Database
  • Source Journal of British Science Digest (INSPEC)
  • Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Source Journal
  • Russian Journal of Abstracts (AJ, VINITI) Source Journals
  • Full-text Journal of EBSCO, USA
  • Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (Natural Sciences) (CSA(NS)) core journals
  • Poland Copernicus Index (IC)
  • Ulrichsweb (USA)