Energy-efficient consensus mechanism for UAN via cross-layer co-design

Zhang Xin
Huang Dongyan
School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China

Abstract

This study investigated the performance of the HotStuff mechanism in underwater acoustic networks (UANs) to address consensus difficulties caused by high latency and limited resources. It proposed a Hierarchical TDMA-HotStuff (H-TDMA-HotStuff) mechanism. This study developed a UAN consensus framework on the NS-3 simulation platform. It conducted simulation experiments across various network scales, channel configurations, and energy models to evaluate feasibility and optimization potential. Results show that H-TDMA-HotStuff balances performance, reliability, and energy consumption. While maintaining a 100% consensus success rate, the mechanism reduces average latency by 91.6%, increases system throughput by nearly 25 times, and achieves the lowest energy-delay product (EDP) . It significantly reduces consensus latency under extremely low communication frequencies. This mechanism provides a high-efficiency solution for underwater distributed applications.

Foundation Support

广西自然科学基金面上项目(2025GXNSFAA069685)

Publish Information

DOI: 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.11.0434
Publish at: Application Research of Computers Accepted Paper, Vol. 43, 2026 No. 6

Publish History

[2026-02-26] Accepted Paper

Cite This Article

张歆, 黄冬艳. 基于跨层协同的UAN网络节能共识机制 [J]. 计算机应用研究, 2026, 43 (6). (2026-03-24). https://doi.org/10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.11.0434. (Zhang Xin, Huang Dongyan. Energy-efficient consensus mechanism for UAN via cross-layer co-design [J]. Application Research of Computers, 2026, 43 (6). (2026-03-24). https://doi.org/10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.11.0434. )

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Application Research of Computers, founded in 1984, is an academic journal of computing technology sponsored by Sichuan Institute of Computer Sciences under the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province.

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