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App. Res. of Comp. Accepted Paper
Vol. 43, 2026 No. 2

Efficient four-party authentication scheme for industrial IoT enabled by fog computing

Wang Xiong
Zhang Zehao
Hu Zichen
Li Weilin
Wang Wenbo
Cyberspace Security Dept. , Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China
DOI: 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.05.0221

Abstract

To address the threats of eavesdropping, tampering, capture attacks, and sensitive data leakage faced by sensor devices in the evolving cloud–fog–end collaborative architecture of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) , a fog-assisted four-party segmented authentication and key agreement protocol is proposed. Based on the heterogeneous computational and storage capabilities of the cloud server, fog node, user terminal, and sensor device, the protocol adopts differentiated cryptographic primitives in a segmented design: elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is used between the cloud and fog layers, while lightweight operations are applied between the fog and sensor, and between the user and cloud. In addition, the protocol employs physically unclonable functions (PUFs) to generate unique and unforgeable hardware fingerprints for sensor devices, and integrates fuzzy extractors to resist capture and impersonation attacks. Compared with several existing authentication and key agreement schemes, the proposed protocol reduces total computational cost by 93.28%, 93.56%, 88.44%, and 86.70%, and lowers communication overhead by 11.30%, 16.02%, and 19.08% in certain comparisons. Security analysis confirms that the protocol satisfies multiple security properties and demonstrates superior overall performance. In summary, the proposed scheme achieves strong security while significantly reducing computational and communication overhead, meeting the practical requirements of low latency and high efficiency in IIoT environments.

Foundation Support

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(3282024056,3282024022,3282023052)

Publish Information

DOI: 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.05.0221
Publish at: Application Research of Computers Accepted Paper, Vol. 43, 2026 No. 2

Publish History

[2025-10-31] Accepted Paper

Cite This Article

王雄, 张泽昊, 胡子宸, 等. 一种雾计算辅助的工业物联网四方高效认证协议 [J]. 计算机应用研究, 2026, 43 (2). (2025-11-04). https://doi.org/10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.05.0221. (Wang Xiong, Zhang Zehao, Hu Zichen, et al. Efficient four-party authentication scheme for industrial IoT enabled by fog computing [J]. Application Research of Computers, 2026, 43 (2). (2025-11-04). https://doi.org/10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2025.05.0221. )

About the Journal

  • Application Research of Computers Monthly Journal
  • Journal ID ISSN 1001-3695
    CN  51-1196/TP

Application Research of Computers, founded in 1984, is an academic journal of computing technology sponsored by Sichuan Institute of Computer Sciences under the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province.

Aiming at the urgently needed cutting-edge technology in this discipline, Application Research of Computers reflects the mainstream technology, hot technology and the latest development trend of computer application research at home and abroad in a timely manner. The main contents of the journal include high-level academic papers in this discipline, the latest scientific research results and major application results. The contents of the columns involve new theories of computer discipline, basic computer theory, algorithm theory research, algorithm design and analysis, blockchain technology, system software and software engineering technology, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, architecture, advanced computing, parallel processing, database technology, computer network and communication technology, information security technology, computer image graphics and its latest hot application technology.

Application Research of Computers has many high-level readers and authors, and its readers are mainly senior and middle-level researchers and engineers engaged in the field of computer science, as well as teachers and students majoring in computer science and related majors in colleges and universities. Over the years, the total citation frequency and Web download rate of Application Research of Computers have been ranked among the top of similar academic journals in this discipline, and the academic papers published are highly popular among the readers for their novelty, academics, foresight, orientation and practicality.

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